Struck-byOSHA Focus Four
Heavy equipment and backing vehicles
Workers struck or run over by equipment, especially while it backs up or swings. OSHA requires a reverse alarm or an observer for vehicles and earthmoving equipment with an obstructed rear view.
Where it shows up
- Excavators swinging while loading trucks
- Loaders and skid steers backing in tight areas
- Telehandlers placing material near crews
- Rollers and compactors on paving jobs
Controls, most effective first
Work down the list. Rely on PPE only for the risk the controls above it cannot remove.
| Level | Control |
|---|---|
| Engineering | Reverse signal alarm audible above site noise, or an observer, on equipment with an obstructed rear view |
| Backup cameras and proximity sensors | |
| Barricade the swing radius of excavators and cranes | |
| Seat belts used where rollover protection is installed | |
| Administrative | Make eye contact with the operator before you enter the work area |
| Stay out of blind spots and never walk behind backing equipment | |
| Ground guides use agreed hand signals | |
| Lower buckets and blades and set the brake when parked | |
| PPE | High-visibility vest |
PPE to list on the JHA
High-visibility vest1926.201Hard hat1926.100Safety-toe boots
OSHA standards
| Citation | Title |
|---|---|
| 29 CFR 1926.600 | Equipment (general requirements) |
| 29 CFR 1926.601 | Motor vehicles |
| 29 CFR 1926.602 | Material handling equipment |
Federal OSHA construction standards. State plans can be stricter, and owners or contracts can add requirements. This page is general information. Check the full standard for your work.